Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments - Phase II

Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments (COREs) were proposed by the CLIVAR Working Group on Ocean Model Development (WGOMD) as a venue for comparing global ocean-sea ice models run under a common prescribed atmospheric state, with boundary fluxes computed via the same bulk formulae. CORE simulations complement the coupled climate and earth system models run for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). Efforts across a broad community of modelling groups have produced CORE Phase 2 hindcast simulations (CORE-II) using 62 years (1948-2009) of inter-annual forcing.

The CORE-II simulations provide a framework to evaluate ocean model performance, to study mechanisms of ocean phenomena and their variability from seasonal to decadal timescales, to identify forced variability changes, and to develop mechanistic descriptions of observed climate variability and change.

Documentation
Participating Groups
Data Access
Multi-Model Analyses
Tools and Scripts
Contact
Ocean-sea ice Related Studies

 

Documentation

CORE Release Notes

The document describes the datasets and protocol for running global ocean-ice climate models according to the CLIVAR Working Group on Ocean Model Development (WGOMD) Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments (COREs).

Griffies, S. M., Winton, M., Samuels, B., Danabasoglu, G., Yeager, S., Marsland, S., Drange., H., and Bentsen, M., 2012: Datasets and protocol for the CLIVAR WGOMD Coordinated Ocean-sea ice Reference Experiments (COREs), WCRP Report No. 21/2012, pp. 21

CORE IAF.v2 Air Sea Flux Data Set

Version 2 of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments (CORE) datasets used for forcing global ocean-ice models has been released. The interannually varying forcing (CORE IAF.v2) now extends from 1948-2009. The data is available for download from the GDFL server, and is documented in:

Large, W.G. and S.G. Yeager. 2009: The global climatology of an interannually varying air-sea flux data set. Climate Dynamics, 33, 341-364, doi:10.1007/s00382-008-0441-3.

Participating Groups

Group Configuration Ocean Model Sea-ice Model

Vertical

 Orientation

Horizontal

Resolution

 Contact
ACCESS ACCESS-OM MOMp1 CICE 4 z* (50) tripolar 360 x 300 nominal 1o S. Marsland
AWI FESOM     z (46) displaced 126000 nominal 1o Q. Wang
BERGEN NorESM-O MICOM CICE 4 sigma2 (51) tripolar 360 x 384 nominal 1o H. Drange
CERFACS ORCA1 NEMO3.2 LIM 2 z (42) tripolar 360 x 290 nominal 1o S. Valcke
CMCC ORCA1 NEMO3.3 CICE 4 z (46) tripolar 360 x 290 nominal 1o S. Masina
CNRM ORCA1 NEMO3.2 Gelato 5 z (42) tripolar 360 x 290 nominal 1o A. Voldoire
FSU   HYCOM 2.2 CSIM 5 hybrid (32) displaced 320 x 384 nominal 1o E. Chassinget
GFDL-MOM ESM2M-ocean-ice MOM 4p1 SIS z* (50) tripolar 360 x 200 nominal 1o S. Griffies
GFDL-GOLD ESM2G-ocean-ice GOLD SIS sigma2 (59+4) tripolar 360 x 210 nominal 1o S. Griffies
GISS   GISS Model E2-R   mass (32) regular 288 x 180 1.25o x 1o A. Leboissetier
ICTP   MOM 4p1 SIS z* (30) tripolar 180 x 96 nominal 2o R. Farneti
INMOM   INMOM   sigma (40) displaced 360 x 340 1o x 0.5o A. Gusev
KIEL ORCA05 NEMO 3.1.1 LIM 2 z (46) tripolar 722 x 511 nominal 0.5o C. Boening
MIT   MITgcm H79 z (50) qadripolar 360 x 292 nominal 1o P. Heimbach
MRI-A   MOVE/MRI.COM 3 MK89; CICE z (50) tripolar 360 x 364 1o x 0.5o H. Tsujino
MRI-F   MRI.COM 3 MK89; CICE z (50) tripolar 360 x 364 1o x 0.5o H. Tsujino
NCAR   POP 2 CICE4 z (60) displaced 320 x 384 nominal 1o G. Danabasoglu
NOCS ORCA1 NEMO 3.4 LIM 2 z (75) tripolar 360 x 290 nominal 1o G. Nurser

 

Data Access

The NCAR super-computing lab has agreed to host and help with the curation of the CORE-II data produced by the participating groups. The infrastructure is currently being tested. Guidelines on how to access the dataset will be posted here and sent to the CORE Email List as soon as the data is available. In the meantime, data can be requested from the individual modeling groups.

Multi-Model Analyses

We invite participants that intend to analyse the CORE-2 mulit-model data set to provide a working title of the study and a contact person to avoid duplication of effort and maximise collaboration.
 

Topic Lead Author

North Atlantic Simulations in Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments phase II (CORE-II). Part I: Mean States

Danabasoglu, G., S. G. Yeager, D. Bailey, E. Behrens, M. Bentsen, D. Bi, A. Biastoch, C. Boning, A. Bozec, V. Canuto, C. Cassou, E. Chassignet, A. C. Coward, S. Danilov, N. Diansky, H. Drange, R. Farneti, E. Fernandez, P. G. Fogli, G. Forget, Y. Fujii, S. M. Griffies, A. Gusev, P. Heimbach, A. Howard, T. Jung, M. Kelley, W. G. Large, A. Leboissetier, J. Lu, G. Madec, S. J. Marsland, S. Masina, A. Navarra, A. J. G. Nurser, A. Pirani, D. Salas y Melia, B. L. Samuels, M. Scheinert, D. Sidorenko, A.-M. Treguier, H. Tsujino, P. Uotila, S. Valcke, A. Voldoire, and Q. Wang, 2014. Ocean Modelling, 73, 76-107, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2013.10.005.

 G. Danabasoglu and S. G. Yeager

North Atlantic Simulations in Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments phase II (CORE-II). Part II: Inter-Annual to Decadal Variability

Danabasoglu, G., S. G. Yeager, W. M. Kim, E. Behrens, M. Bentsen, D. Bi, A. Biastoch, R. Bleck, C. Böning, A. Bozec, V. M. Canuto, C. Cassou, E. Chassignet, A. C. Coward, S. Danilov, N. Diansky, H. Drange, R. Farneti, E. Fernandez, P. G. Fogli, G. Forget, Y. Fujii, S. M. Griffies, A. Gusev, P. Heimbach, A. Howard, M. Ilicak, T. Jung, A. R. Karspeck, M. Kelley, W. G. Large, A. Leboissetier, J. Lu, G. Madec, S. J. Marsland, S. Masina, A. Navarra, A. J. G. Nurser, A. Pirani, A. Romanou, D. Salas y Melia, B. L. Samuels, M. Scheinert, D. Sidorenko, S. Sun, A.-M. Treguier, H. Tsujino, P. Uotila, S. Valcke, A. Voldoire, Q. Wang, and I. Yashayaev, 2016: North Atlantic simulations in Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments phase II (CORE-II). Part II: Inter-annual to decadal variability. Ocean Modelling, 97, 65-90, doi: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.11.007.

 G. Danabasoglu, S. G. Yeager and W. M. Kim

An assessment of global and regional sea level for years 1993–2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations

Griffies, S. M., J. Yin, P. J. Durack, P. Goddard, S. C. Bates, E. Behrens, M. Bentsen, D. Bi, A. Biastoch, C. W. Böning, A. Bozec, E. Chassignet, G. Danabasoglu, S. Danilov, C. M. Domingues, H. Drange, R. Farneti, E. Fernandez, R. J. Greatbatch, D. M. Holland, M. Ilicak, W. G. Large, K. Lorbacher, J. Lu, S. J. Marsland, A. Mishra, A. J. G. Nurser, D. Salas y Mélia, J. B. Palter, B. L. Samuels, J. Schröter, F. U. Schwarzkopf, D. Sidorenko, A. M. Treguier, Y.-H. Tseng, H. Tsujino, P. Uotila, S. Valcke, A. Voldoire, Q. Wang, M. Winton, Z. Zhang, 2014. Ocean Modelling, 78, 35-89, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2014.03.004

 S. Griffies

An assessment of Antarctic Circumpolar Current and Southern Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation during 1958-2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations 

Farneti, R., S. M. Downes, S. M. Griffies, S. J. Marsland, D. Bailey, E. Behrens, M. Bentsen, D. Bi,  A. Biastoch, C. Boning, A. Bozec, E. Chassignet, G. Danabasoglu, S. Danilov, N. Diansky, H. Drange, P. G. Fogli, A. Gusev, R. W. Hallberg, A. Howard, M. Kelley, M. Illicak, W. G. Large, A.
Leboissetier, M. Long, J. Lu, S. Masina, A. Mishra, A. Navarra, A. J. G. Nurser, L. Patara, B. L. Samuels, D. Sidorenko, H. Tsujino, P. Uotila, S. G. Yeager, Q. Wang, 2015. Ocean Modelling, doi: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.07.009

 R. Farneti, S. Downes, S. M. Griffies, S. J. Marlsand

An assesment of Southern Ocean water masses and sea ice during 1988-2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations

Downes, S. M., R. Farneti,  P. Uotila, S. M. Griffies, S. J. Marsland, D. Bailey, E. Behrens, M. Bentsen, D. Bi, A. Biastoch, C. Boning, A. Bozec, V. M. Canuto, E. Chassignet, G. Danabasoglu, S. Danilov, N. Diansky, H. Drange, P. G. Fogli, A. Gusev, A. Howard, M. Kelley, M. Ilicak, T. Jung, M. Kelley, W. G. Large, A. Leboissetier, M. Long, J. Lu, S. Masina, A. Mishra, A. Navarra, A. J. G. Nurser, L. Patara, B. L. Samuels, D. Sidorenko, P. Spence, H. Tsujino, Q. Wang, S. G. Yeager. Ocean Modelling, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.07.022

 S. Downes, R. Farneti, P. Uotila, S. M. Griffies, S. J. Marsland

An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations: Sea ice and freshwater

Wang, Q., M. Ilicak, R. Gerdes, H. Drange, Y. Aksenov, D. A Bailey, M. Bentsen, A. Biastoch, A. Bozec, C. Boning, C. Cassou, E. Chassignet, A. C. Coward, B. Curry, G. Danabasoglu, S. Danilov, E. Fernandez, P. G. Fogli, Y. Fujii, S. M. Griffies, D. Iovino, A. Jahn, T. Jung, W. G. Large, C. Lee, C. Lique, J. Lu, S. Masina, A.J. G. Nurser, B. Rabe, C. Roth, D. Salas y Melia, B. L. Samuels, P. Spence, H. Tsujino, S. Valcke, A. Voldoire, X. Wang, S. G. Yeager. Ocean Modelling, in preparation.
 
 Q. Wang, M. Ilicak, R. Gerdes and H. Drange
Ocean circulation in temperature and salinity space G. Nurser & J. Zika

North and Equatorial Pacific Ocean Circulation in the CORE-II Hindcast Simulations

Tseng, Y.-H., H. Lin; H.-C. Chen, K. Thompson, M. Bentsen, C. Boning, A. Bozec, C. Cassou, E. Chassignet, C. H. Chow, G. Danabasoglu, S. Danilov, R. Farneti, Y. Fujii, S. Griffies, M. Ilicak, T. Jung, S. Masina, A. Navarra, L. Patara, B. Samuels, M. Scheinert, D. Sidorenko, C.-H Sui,  H. Tsujino, S. Valcke, A. Voldoire, Q. Wang. North and Equatorial Pacific Ocean Circulation in the CORE-II Hindcast Simulations. Ocean Modelling, submitted

 Y.-H. Tseng, H. Lin, H.-C. Chen, K. Thompson
Indian Ocean Simulations in Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments phase II (CORE-II) M. Ravichandran, H. Rahaman, M. Harrison, P. S. Swathi and S. M. Griffies
Indonisian Throughflow Analysis in Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments phase II (CORE-II) M. England and A. Santoso

 

Contact

For any additional information please contact Anna Pirani of the International CLIVAR Project Office. Sign up to the OMDP Email List to receive updates, information on multi-model analyses, etc:

    Join The OMDP Email List

 

 

Ocean-sea ice Related Studies

Alvarez-Garcia, F., M. Latif, and A. Biastoch, 2008: On multidecadal and quasi-decadal North Atlantic variability, J. Climate, 21, 3433-3452.

The DRAKKAR Group: B. Barnier, L. Brodeau, J. Le Sommer, J.-M Molines, T. Penduff, S. Theetten, A.-M. Treguier, G. Madec, A. Biastoch, C. Böning, J. Dengg, S. Gulev, R. Bourdallé Badie, J. Chanut, G., Garric, S. Alderson, A. Coward, B. de Cuevas, A. New, K. Haines, G. Smith, S. Drijfhout, W. Hazeleger, C. Severijns, P. Myers, 2007: Eddy-Permitting Ocean Circulation Hindcasts of Past Decades, CLIVAR Exchanges, 12, 8-10.

Barnier. B., G. Madec, T. Penduff, J.-M. Molines, A.-M. Treguier, A. Beckmann, A. Biastoch, C. Böning, J. Dengg, S. Gulev, J. Le Sommer, E. Remy, C. Talandier, S. Theetten, M. Maltrud, 2005: Impact of partial steps and momentum advection schemes in a global ocean circulation model at eddy permitting resolution, Ocean Dynamics, doi: 10.1007/s10236-006-0082-1.

Biastoch, A., Böning, C.W.; Getzlaff, J.; Molines, J.-M.; Madec, G.; 2007: Causes of Interannual–Decadal Variability in the Meridional Overturning Circulation of the Midlatitude North Atlantic Ocean. J. Clim., 21, doi: 10.1175/2008JCLI2404.1, 6599-6615.

Biastoch, A, C. W. Böning, and J. R. E. Lutjeharms, 2008: Agulhas leakage dynamics affects decadal variability in Atlantic overturning circulation, Nature, 456, doi:10.1038/nature07426, 489-492.

Biastoch, A, J. R. E. Lutjeharms, C. W. Böning, and M. Scheinert, 2008: Mesoscale perturbations control inter-ocean exchange south of Africa, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, doi:10.1029/2008GL035132.

Capotondi, A., M. Alexander, C. Deser, and M.J. McPhaden, 2005: Anatomy and decadal evolution of the Pacific subtropical-tropical cells (STCs). J. Climate, 18, 3739-3758.

Capotondi, A., M. Alexander, C. Deser, and A.J. Miller, 2005: Low frequency pycnocline variability in the Northeast Pacific, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 35, 1403-1420.

Danabasoglu, G., S. Peacock, K. Lindsay, and D. Tsumune, 2009: Sensitivity of CFC-11 uptake to physical initial conditions and interannually varying surface forcing in a global ocean model. Ocean Modelling, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2009.02.011, in press.

Deser, C., A. Capotondi, R. Saravanan, and A. Phillips, 2006: Tropical Pacific and Atlantic climate variability in CCSM3. J. Climate, 19, 2451-2481.

Doney, S.C., S. Yeager, G. Danabasoglu, W.G. Large, and J.C. McWilliams, 2003: Modeling global oceanic inter-annual variability (1958-1997): Simulation design and model-data evaluation. NCAR/TN-452+STR.

Doney, S.C., S. Yeager, G. Danabasoglu, W.G. Large, and J.C. McWilliams, 2007: Mechanisms governing interannual variability of upper-ocean temperature in a global hindcast simulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37, 1918-1938.

Durgadoo, J. V., J. R. E. Lutjeharms, A. Biastoch, and I. J. Ansorge, 2008: The Conrad Rise as an obstruction to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20606, doi:10.1029/2008GL035382.

Feng, M., A. Biastoch, C. Böning, N. Caputi and G. Meyers, 2008: Seasonal and interannual variations of upper ocean heat balance off the west coast of Australia. .J. Geophys. Res., 113, C12025, doi:10.1029/2008JC004908.

Gent, P.R., F.O. Bryan, G. Danabasoglu, K. Lindsay, D. Tsumune, M.W. Hecht, and S.C. Doney, 2006: Ocean chlorofluorocarbon and heat uptake during the twentieth century in CCSM3. J. Climate, 19, 2366-2381.

Kauker, F., C. Köberle, R. Gerdes, and M. Karcher, 2008: Modeling the 20th century Arctic Ocean/Sea Ice system: Reconstruction of surface forcing. JGR-Oceans, accepted.

Large, W.G., and G. Danabasoglu, 2006: Attribution and impacts of upper-ocean biases in CCSM3. J. Climate, 19, 2325-2346.

Latif, M., C. W. Böning, J. Willebrand, A. Biastoch, F. Alvarez, N. Keenlyside, and H. Pohlmann, 2007: Decadal to multidecadal variability of the Atlantic MOC: Mechanisms and Predictability, in Schmittner, A. J. C. H.  Chiang, S. R. Hemming (Eds.) : Ocean Circulation: Mechanisms and Impacts - Past and Future Changes of Meridional Overturning, AGU Monograph 173, American Geophysical Union, 149 -166.

Latif, M., C. Böning, J. Willebrand, A. Biastoch, J. Dengg, N. Keenlyside, G. Madec, and U. Schweckendiek, 2005: Is the thermohaline circulation changing? J. Climate, 19, 4631-4637.

Lübbecke, J., C. W. Böning, and A. Biastoch, 2008: Variability in the subtropical-tropical cells and its effect on near-surface temperature of the equatorial Pacific: a model study. Ocean Sci., 4, 73-88.

McWilliams, J.C., and G. Danabasoglu, 2002: Eulerian and eddy-induced meridional overturning circulations in the tropics. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 2054-2071.

Siedler, G., M. Rouault, A. Biastoch, B. Backeberg, C. J. C. Reason, and J. R. E. Lutjeharms, 2009: Modes of the southern extension of the East Madagascar Current, J. Geophys. Res., in press.

Sitz, L. E., R. Farneti, and S. M. Griffies, 2015: Simulated South Atlantic transports and their variability during 1958-2007. Ocean Modeling, 91, 70-90. doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.05.001.

Solomon, A., and I. Wainer, 2006: Pacific tropical-extratropical thermocline water mass exchanges in the NCAR CCSM3. Ocean Modelling, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2006.04.003.

Solomon, A., and D. Zhang, 2006: Pacific Subtropical Cell variability in coupled climate model simulations of the late 19th- 20th Century. Ocean Modelling, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2006.03.007.

Yeager, S., and W.G. Large, 2004: Late-winter generation of spiciness on subducted isopycnals. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 1528-1547.

Yeager, S. G., and W. G. Large, 2007: Observational evidence of winter spice injection. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37, 2895-2919, doi:10.1175/2007JPO3629.1.

Yeager, S. G., and M. Jochum, 2009: The connection between Labrador Sea buoyancy loss, Deep Western Boundary Current strength, and Gulf Stream path in an ocean circulation model. Ocean Modelling, submitted.