Delayed by the global COVID-19 outbreak, the 2^nd CLIVAR-FIO Summer School on ‘Ocean Macroturbulence and Its Role in Earth’s Climate’, which was originally planned for June 2020, was successfully organised from 15^th to 20^th August 2022 in Qingdao, China and online, back-to-back with the 11^th Training Course of the UNESCO-IOC Regional Training and Research Center on Ocean Dynamics and Climate (ODC) on 'Prediction and Projection of Climate​'. 19 onsite trainees and over 100 online trainees from 33 countries attended the CLIVAR-FIO summer school. 14 leading experts from China, France, Germany, New Zealand, UK and USA made lectures addressing the observations, dynamics, modelling of the ocean meso- and sub-mesoscale motions, as well as their role in the earth’s climate. Activities comprised of lectures, problem-solving, discussions of recent journal articles, exercises with observational and model data sets provided by instructors for groups of participants to analyse. In addition, during the summer school, trainees were provided guidelines for proposal development and were grouped to develop a proposal for new research during the week, which was presented at the end of the summer school on August 20, receiving feedback from several of the instructors.

The recordings, presentations and exercises were archived and are available on the CLIVAR website. A post workshop survey was prepared to collect the feedback from the both lecturers and trainees.

We appreciated the generous support from our hosts and sponsors, i.e., the First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, and the Administrative Committee of Qingdao West Coast New Area of China, the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), as well as all the lecturers, trainees, volunteers and staff that contributed to make the summer school a success.

Background for the CLIVAR-FIO Summer School

China’s First Institute of Oceanography has been hosting the International CLIVAR Project Office (ICPO) since 2014. In January 2018, FIO signed an agreement with WCRP to jointly organize biennial summer schools with CLIVAR within 5 years, aiming to provide young scientists with opportunities for training and collaborative research, and to promote communication between Chinese scientists and young scientists from different countries and regions. The 1^st CLIVAR-FIO Summer School was held in Qingdao on 25-30 June, 2018 under the theme of "Past, Present and Future of Sea Level Change". 38 trainees from 25 countries and 8 sea level science experts from Germany, UK, France, Australia and China attended the 1^st CLIVAR-FIO Summer School. Some of the excellent articles submitted by the trainees were published in 76^th special issue of CLIVAR Exchanges (https://doi.org/10.36071/clivar.76.2019).